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Micronutrients are vitamins and minerals the body needs in relatively small amounts for normal functions. Different nutrients have different roles, and requirements vary by age, sex and life stage.

Vitamins are organic compounds, while minerals are elements. Examples include vitamins A, C, D, E, K and the B vitamins, plus minerals such as calcium, iron, magnesium, zinc and iodine.

Why variety matters

Foods contain different nutrient profiles. A varied eating pattern makes it easier to obtain a broad range of nutrients without expecting one food to provide everything. Vegetables, fruit, legumes, whole grains, dairy or appropriate alternatives, nuts, seeds, eggs, fish and other protein sources can contribute different nutrients depending on the diet.

More is not always better

Micronutrients are essential, but high supplemental doses can be unnecessary or harmful. The appropriate amount depends on the nutrient and the person. Supplements should not automatically be treated as replacements for a varied diet.

Deficiency is a health question

Fatigue or other nonspecific symptoms cannot reliably identify a nutrient deficiency on their own. People with concerns about deficiency, restrictive diets, pregnancy, medical conditions or medication interactions should seek individualized professional guidance.

How to evaluate a supplement

Check the exact nutrient forms and amounts, serving size, warnings and credible quality information. Compare claims with authoritative guidance rather than relying only on marketing language.

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Frequently asked questions

Do I need a multivitamin? Not everyone does; individual needs vary.

Can food provide micronutrients? Yes, foods are major sources of vitamins and minerals.

Is a higher dose better? Not necessarily.